Indian Tourism Congress

Abstracts- Colombo Conference

Posted by: tourismcongress on: June 14, 2011

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Title: International Tourism Scenario
Author(s): Lalit K. Bansal and Prashant Gautam

Abstract
Something has really happened at global level, that’s why everybody is looking at tourism with different set of eyes. People, villages, towns, districts, states, regions, countries and even continents are looking at tourism to fight with their problems of unemployment, poverty, rural & urban development, infrastructural development. Further to this countries and states are looking at tourism to improve their image so that they can attract a large number of investors. Developing countries like India are spending huge amount of money in organizing some events like commonwealth games just for the image building and increasing number of tourists. This tourism has proved itself in past also as an activity, which is having the capacity to infuse the benefits even to the remotest areas and poorest people of society. Paper concluded that an unprecedented combination of negative factors has affected the tourism industry in recent past as never before and its future will be made of continuous adaptation to the changing environment. However, international tourism has not declined, showing its resilience and ability to rebound after crises. Each year, since 2001, some 700-800 million people have visited another country. The perspectives for 2011 and beyond, with a brighter economic outlook and a pent-up demand for travel, are reasonably positive. According to the forecast prepared by UNWTO at the beginning of the year 2011, international tourist arrivals are projected to increase by some 4% to 5% in 2011. The impact of recent developments in North Africa and the Middle East, as well as the tragic earthquake and tsunami that hit Japan in March, are not expected to substantially affect this projected growth. As per the expert panel of World Tourism Organisation, results for North East Asia, North Africa and the Middle East are below initial forecasts, but destinations in Europe and South America are so far performing better than anticipated. On the whole, and as in previous similar situations, a temporary redistribution of traffic, together with an increase in intra-regional travel as opposed to interregional, is likely to occur.
Key words: Tourism Development, WTO regions, Intra regional travel.

Title: Tourism Perspectives in South-Asian Region
Author(s): P.K. Yadav, P.B. Singh and Ritesh Kumar Saxena

Abstract
Travel and tourism is one of the biggest industries in the World in terms of gross output and value added, capital investment, employment and tax contributions. At its core, tourism is primarily about human activity in which a tourist travels from originating area to a destination for pleasure, culture, health, pilgrimage, business etc. A notable feature of international tourism growth has been the gradual shift in the preference for destinations, from Europe and North America to South- Asia.
Geographically, ecologically and culturally diverse South Asian region is very attractive to International tourists. Established on December 8, 1985, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, popularly known as SAARC, are home to nearly 1.5 billion people or about 22% of world’s population. This esteem group is the one combined vision of eight different countries of South- Asia like India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives.
Its tourism resources range from the World’s highest mountains peaks, colorful cultures, ancient history and picturesque scenery in Nepal, to the vast cultural, physical diversity and immense scenic beauty of India, one of the major South-Asian tourist destination, the world’s largest mangrove forest, chain of great rivers and clear lakes surrounded by green hills, exotic tropical rain forests and beautiful green tea gardens of Bangladesh, serene and breathtaking mountain kingdom together with Buddhism Monastries of Bhutan, exotic beaches, rich cultural heritage and majestic landscape of island country Srilanka, sun-kissed beaches, crystal clear lagoons with coloured corols and exquisite marine life surrounded with palm fringed of Maldives, excavated sites at Mohanjodaro- Harrappa, the architectural monuments of the Mughals, snowcapped karakoram ranges, horse safari of Pakistan are the illustrious tourist attractions of South-Asian region. According to WTO (World Tourism Organization) statistics, South Asia is responsible for 6.8% to 7% of International arrivals.
In terms of product diversification South Asia is unique with a 2500 year old cultural heritage and multi- faceted natural splendor, in spite of being such a draw in tourist spots and destinations South-Asia fails to lure the tourists in comparison to other regions. If one take an example of a tourist He/she will like to visit New Zealand, US, Switzerland, etc because of the lack of awareness about the tourists spots and destinations of South Asian region. As per WTO by 2020 the top three receiving regions will be Europe (717 million tourists), East Asia and the Pacific (397 million) and the Americas (282 million), followed by Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. South Asian region can be benefited by both international and intra regional tourism. The treasures hidden in the region are not sufficiently exposed to the outer world yet.
The present paper aims on what need to be done and to focus for making South-Asian region an unequaled identity through tourism globally. Expediting implementation of tourism projects, development of integrated tourism circuits, rural destinations, forming new strategies for promotions and meeting the global standards will facilitate this region to develop. The tourism development needs to be pursued with a focus on sustainability, by promoting lesser known tourist spots and destinations and controlling the associated problems of environmental, ecological hazard and cultural degradation.
Key Words: South Asia, Tourism Products, Sustainability

Title: Measuring Regional Sustainable Tourism : Case Analysis of South Asian Countries
Author(s): Surabhi Srivastava

Abstract
Regional tourism within developing countries is a growing phenomenon. Yet this aspect has been largely neglected in social science research as well as tourism planning. the paper suggests that a basic appreciation of the prospects of regional tourism is not enough to produce perceptible benefits. Regional tourism development is occurring in a haphazard manner, with little attention to managing existing socio-economic inequalities and centre-periphery relations. This paper argues and analyses the tools and indicators which may affect the sustainability of regional tourism. The paper provides an outline about the measurement of regional sustainibility with the case analysis of South Asian region. The paper is based primarily on the review of secondary literature readily available to the author combined with a few documents obtained directly from different regional organizations or through Internet search.
Key Words: Regional, Sustainable, South Asian , Measurable, Carrying capacity,

Title: Spiritual Holiday Eco-Tourism to promote Peace, Prosperity and Consensus in India and Neighbor
Author(s): Chiranjib Kumar Choudhary and Aditi Choudhary

Abstract
Spiritual Holiday Eco-Tourism (SHET) has been looked upon in different dimensions since the inception of the word “tourism” on this human dominated earth which is full of sorrows, frustrations, selfishness, and affected by blind development of science and technology knowingly or unknowingly its consequences. New travel patterns reflect changes in consumer behaviour, economic strength of source markets, new destinations, and political realignments. Shifts to North-South tourist flows are occurring in Asia (towards ASEAN countries, Australia and the Pacific Islands.) Community interest and tourism must work together for any chance of long term success. In long term, it is not useful to have isolated tourist enclaves. The most rewarding forms of tourism are those that involve both residents and tourists. “Rewarding” means both in terms of the visitor and resident experiences and the economic viability to the developer. Paper reaches on the conclusion that small business development opportunities, not just jobs, will be an increasingly important element of the community benefit package. The tourism industry should encourage and promote entrepreneurship and privatization particularly at the local level.
Key Words: Spiritual Holiday Eco-Tourism (SHET), Travel Patterns, Entrepreneurship.

Title: Tourism Linkages between India and Sri Lanka
Author(s): Saurabh Dixit and C.S. Barua

Abstract
Present paper takes a case of tourism linkages between India and Srilanka. It is noted that tourism forms an important link between India and Sri Lanka and India is the largest source market for Sri Lankan tourism. More than 1,25,000 Indian tourists visited Sri Lanka in 2010, forming about 20% of the total tourist inflow in Sri Lanka. Both the countries share legacy through cultural, intellectual, linguistic intercourse. Both countries also shared civilization and cultural heritage and evolved out as unique tourism product. There has been very long people to people interaction. India and Sri Lanka have a number of similarities and could promote tourism jointly to harness potential tourist’s traffic in this region i.e. South Asia. Paper reaches on the conclusion that diplomatic relations catalyzed by informal relationship could help to promote Indo-Lanka tourism in positive direction. We have already seen potential linkages and how to convert linkages into tangible products.
Key Words: Tourism linkages, India, Srilanka, Tourism Products, Influencing factors.

Title: Travel Barriers and the Disabled: Some explanations in Indian context
Author(s): Sutheeshna Babu. S, Sandeep Kulshreshtha and Manjula Chaudhary

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to evolve better understanding of the major travel barriers of disabled tourists specific to Indian context. Because, firstly, there is a growing appreciation that providing and facilitating recreation and tourism needs of people with disabilities is legal requirement. It is equally an important subject of rights enshrined under different national and international legal and statutory stipulations. Secondly, it is rooted in good economics which many studies including UNESCAP have already established. Paper reaches on the conclusion that the path for development of accessible tourism is challenging and one will have to negotiate many culpable challenges and bottlenecks.
Key Words: Travel Barriers, Disability, Accessible Tourism

Title: Tourism Impacts, Community Development and Sustainability in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh: A Stakeholders Perspective
Author(s): S.P. Bansal and Jaswinder Kumar

Abstract
Tourism is one of the growing industry in Himachal Pradesh. Its high growth and development rates, considerable amount of employment generation, infrastructure development actively affecting various sectors of economy which positively contributing to the social and economic development of the state. There are various issues to be taken into consideration regarding the sustainability of tourism in the state in the long term. Tourism impacts in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh are widely distributed in terms of economic, social and environmental/ physical aspects. In addition there are impacts on population structure, transformation of forms and types of occupations, transformation of values, influence on traditional lifestyle, and modification of consumption patterns, and benefits to tourists. Thus there is need to develop the sustainability of tourism impacts for which the synchronized efforts of tourism stakeholders is required. This paper studies the perception and opinion of tourism stakeholders about tourism impacts and related issues of community development in selected destinations of Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. This paper then identifies the emergent need of stakeholder’s synchronization for sustainable tourism development.
Key Words: Himachal Pradesh, Kullu, Tourism Stakeholders

Title: Information Technology for Customer Experience in Aviation Industry
: A Convergence Approach
Author(s): Vinay Chauhan

Abstract
Tourism services being largely intangible in nature stand to gain a lot from technology. Industry is dominated by the need to provide fast and accurate information to the consumer. The IT is especially relevant to tourism since it enables knowledge about the consumer to be gathered, as well as vice versa. Information Technology is used as a strategic tool to meet competitive advantage and how it is rapidly becoming a necessary ingredient for achieving quality in the service industry leading to a perfect customer experience. The present research examines the relationship between IT and customer experience and develops a strategic model for leveraging Customer experience using a convergence approach.
Keywords: Tourism, Information Technology, Customer Experience, Aviation and Convergence.

Title: Creative Tourism: the cultural way
Author(s): Adyasha Das

Abstract
Creative tourism, considered to be a new-generation of tourism is based on a creative collaboration between tourists and hosts to develop engaging, fulfilling experiences, offering visitors creative pursuits. It provides visitors the opportunity to develop their creative potential through active participation in learning experiences which are characteristic of the holiday destination where they are undertaken (Richards and Raymond, 2000:18).
Thoughan off-shoot of the conventional cultural tourism, creative tourism has a distinct character of its own. Cultural tourism is focused on iconic buildings, mega events, dynamic historic heritage, vibrant cultural life at a destination etc. Creative tourism is related to the need for experiencing the creative process – from textile weaving in the Mapuche regions of Chile to icon-painting in Russia, Odissi recitals in Odisha or reviving strong traditions. As creative tourism doesn’t require impressive historic buildings, UNESCO lists or famous events, its destinations extend from Berlin and Austria to small villages along the Ganges river and the high planes of Peru. This geographical extension benefits far-flung communities in developing viable cultural tourism models.
Creative tourism directly contributes to the local economy not only through tourism exports, but through direct financial contribution to the local creative industries and the supporting local infrastructure.Despite obvious differences, the existing business model for creative tourism indicates that any destination of cultural tourism can profit from creative tourism. This merger of different forms of tourism finds very fertile ground through creative tourism activities: creative and adventure tourism, cultural and creative tourism, archaeology tourism and creative tourism, wine & gourmet tourism and creative tourism, etc.
Creative tourists have distinctive experiences that blur the boundaries between everyday and touristic life. These experiences challenge conventional typologies of the tourist experience. The points of discussion would include:
• Enhancing the economy through creative tourism
• Creative tourism experience
• The relationship between enrichment, cultural and creative tourism
• The relationship between the creative industries and tourism
Key Words: Creative Tourism; cultural; enrichment; business model

Title: Problems and Prospects of increasing the Tourism Yield in Uttrakhand Region
Author(s): P.K. Yadav, Vivek Mittal and Charu Yadav

Abstract
Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. India is the fifth most attractive destination in terms of investment opportunities. (IL &FS, 2007). In South Asia, India accounts for 65.8 % of the regional tourism receipts. Direct contribution to the GDP is 2 % whereas the overall contribution of tourism sector is 5.3 %.
In India Uttrakhand has the big potential to be developed as the prime tourist destination. Uttaranchal has a total area of 53,485 km with 34,661 km under forests. Total area coming under protected areas is 6,479 km of which 4,083 km2 covering six National Parks and 2,396 km covering six Wildlife Sanctuaries. Uttaranchal is a state with breath taking scenic beauty; charismatic wildlife like Asian elephant, Himalayan Musk deer, Himalayan tahr, bharal, tiger and snow leopard; fascinating birds particularly pheasants such as Himalayan monal, Satyr tragopan and other birds like white-crested laughing thrushes. Uttrakhand is bestowed with natural beauty, Lakes, Mountain Peaks, Rivers, Streams, Snow Fall, Wild Life, Adventure, Pilgrimage, Weather, Flowers etc.
Uttrakhand is blessed with so much diverse places that it can be developed as prime destination in Asia for almost all types of tourism like MICE Tourism, Health Tourism, Medical Tourism, Eco- Tourism, Adventure Tourism, Honeymoon Tourism, Heritage Tourism, Sports Tourism, Education Tourism, Wild Life Tourism, Biosphere Tourism etc. But unfortunately Uttrakhand is known for Pilgrimage Tourism and at a Pilgramage Destination “people come , see and don’t spend. In recent years tourist destinations have shifted their marketing focus, away from simply increasing the number of tourists to enhancing the ‘quality’ associated with tourism growth. The way to increase quality is often articulated as moving away from mass tourism, with low expenditure and profit margins per visitor, and moving towards ‘high yield’ tourism with high per capita spending. Thus, the objective of the present paper is to develop a model to increase the per capita spending and average night stay of the tourist, so that without increasing the load on the natural resources the income and the living standards of the people of Uttrakhand can be increased.
Key Words: South Asia, Uttrakhand, Tourism Yield

Title: Impact Assessment of eco-Tourism on Visitors and the Host Community around Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan
Author(s): U. N. Shukla and Altaf Ahmad Lone

Abstract
Tourism is an industry which occurs at destination areas, with different natural or man made attractions to attract non-local people. Ecotourism means responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well being of local people. Tourism and environment are inter-related, as tourism requires a good natural environment; similarly a tourist destination desires a controlled, disciplined and regulated tourism to sustain. Environmental degradation can lead to decline in tourism, while uncontrolled tourism leads to environmental hazards.
Here we are entrusted to find out the impacts of tourism development on visitors and the host community of the destination, with special reference to world renowned Keoladeo Wetland in northern India, which is situated on the extreme western edge of the Gangetic basin, at an elevation of 174 m above MSL. Keoladeo National Park has been one of the most linked places of ecotourism in Rajasthan, because of its exceptional birdlife. Having been interested in assessment of ecotourism in terms of its objectives; i.e. encouragement towards protection and growth in the quantity and quality of park wetland and environment and betterment of the local people, this study attempts to examine its impacts on visitors, environment and economical benefits to local people at Keoladeo National Park due to the tourism growth over the years. It has been found that the ecotourism at this park has brought significant impact on all of them in terms of its ultimate objective.
Key words: Eco-tourism, Host Community, Visitors, Impacts and Assessment.

Title: Prospects of Second Home Tourism: A Spatio-Temporal Approach
Author(s): Ashok Aima, Jaya Bhasin and Ahsan Ul Haq

Abstract
Off late Tourism industry all over the world is experiencing a new development that is Second Home Tourism. It is new innovation which has created new opportunities for all the stakeholders. In today’s global environment of increased wealth and disposable income, leisure time and cheap and accessible transportation routes, second homes have become a key component of the tourism and mobility industries (Hall & Muller, 2004). Murphy, 1986, describes second homes very broadly as follows: a privately owned dwelling which provide self catering vacations to its owners, as well as income to the host community. (Murphy, 1986). Second home tourism is also difficult to define, and there is some debate about the issue. Hall and Muller suggest that such terms as residential tourism and summer migration are synonymous with second home tourism (Hall & Muller, 2004), while other authors such as Pedro (2006) disagree. Authors such as Cohen (1974) tend to agree with Pedro, and go further by defining tourists by non-recurrence to a single place. As such, Cohen argues that second home owners who return to the same destination year after year can be considered to be marginal tourists at best (Girard & Gartner, Second Home Second View- Host Community Perceptions, 1993). This paper is concerned with the potential of Second Home Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir State. Since second home development could have positive and negative social, cultural, economical and environmental impacts for local residents, planning policies should take into consideration public opinions and preferences for future planning and developments. The paper adopts time and space bound approach to find out the opportunities available for the Second Home Tourism. Main research question which this paper addresses is that what are the perceived social, economic and environmental impacts of second home tourism in the rural areas of Jammu and Kashmir?
Key Words: Second Home Tourism, Economic Development, Future Planning.

Title: Perception of Travel and Tourism Service Providers Towards Yoga Tourism in India
Author(s): Charu Sheela Yadav and Archana P. Vyas

Abstract
Yoga is one of the most extra ordinary spiritual sciences that mankind has ever discovered. Yogic methods cover the entire field of our existence- from physical sensory, emotional, mental and spiritual to the highest self realization. It includes all methods of higher evolution in humanity- physical postures, ethical disciplines, breath control, sensory methods, affirmation, prayer, mantra and complex meditative disciplines. The term yoga is derived from a Sanskrit word meaning ‘to join together’. The ultimate aim of yoga is it to unite the human soul with the universal sprit.
In this paper s study of the various packages offered in and around Rishikesh by various hotels, resorts and destination Spa help us to understand that several other elements like Ayurveda, Reiki or any other alternative therapies are combined to make the Yoga package more attractive, where as in Ashrams like Parmarth Niketan etc, Yoga is the only aim of the tourist. The tourists visiting the ashrams are faithful followers of Yoga where as the ones who take up Yoga packages at different resorts, retreats etc are looking for a combination of Yoga and relaxation. The packages in Kerala are more centered around Ayurveda which constitute their main motivation of travel, here Yoga is added to make it more attractive and saleable. It is interesting to know how Ayurveda and Yoga become complimentary to each other even in the process of designing packages to attract the tourist.
It is concluded that Yoga Tourism has contributed greatly towards the growth of tourism and travel in India. There is a positive perception towards its growth in future too. Since India is the land of origin of Yoga, it has more powers to capitalise Yoga as a resource for niche Tourism. As Yoga Tourism is a part of the New Age Tourism, its promotion will only enhance the revenue generation possibilities and promote India’s cultural heritage.
Key Words: Yoga Tourism, Rishikesh, Niche Tourism

Title: Status of Medical Tourism in India – A Critical Analysis
Author(s): Madhuri Sawant and Rajesh Ragde

Abstract
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India has taken several steps to promote India as a medical tourism destination. This paper presents a critical analysis of the concept of medical tourism, the present status of medical tourism in India and its socio-economic aspects. The paper concludes with ethical concerns in the practice of medical tourism.
Key words: medical tourism, health care, ethics, socio-economic aspects

Title: Homestay Tourism in India: Factors that define homestay development
Author(s): Poornima Ravi

Abstract
Homestays originally were accommodations provided by native families to foreign students, in order to learn a new language by staying with them, mostly in English speaking countries and Europe. The concept has been redefined in Asia and Asia-Pacific countries like Malaysia, India, Indonesia’s Losmen concept, China’s Minju Kezhan, New Zealand and Fiji, in a form akin to the bed and breakfast style with short length of stay and cultural experience is the centrifugal attraction. The purpose of this research was to understand the development of homestays not merely as an accommodation but a form of tourism in itself, taking India as a case study. Data was collected from Government acts and policies, press articles, interviews and field visits conducted at Coorg and Kottayam.
Using the Grounded theory approach, it is revealed that the most important factors in a homestay experience are host-guest relationship, traditional food and activities. Interviewees and policy/schemes state that it is necessary for the host family to live in the homestay. Contrary to this, eight unregistered home-stays in Coorg were found where there is no host family or sharing of common living space. A mushroom growth of these establishments is witnessed in Karnataka and Kerala. The major causes were found to be the lack of public awareness and insufficient exercising of the ‘Incredible India Bread & Breakfast Establishments Act’ (Act governing homestay tourism in India) in which registration is not made mandatory. This leads to the question of authenticity and safety of the tourist’s experience, since registered homestays have to be certified by the local authority, apart from complying with the rules of the policy document.
As for homestay development, different types of homestays have evolved in India, such as heritagestay, villagestay/ruralstay, farmstay, urbanstay and plantatationstay/estatestay. Homestays provide short-term tourism accommodation, offering in-vivo hospitality experience and mutual cultural exchange takes place between the hosts and guest.
Keywords: Homestay tourism, authenticity, Incredible India Bread and Breakfast Act, host-guest relationship, types of homestays

Title: An Assessment of Financial Performance of Palace on Wheels
Author(s): Ashok Singh Rathore and Lokeshver Singh Jodhana

Abstract
The Palace on Wheels is one of the most luxurious and prestigious trains of the world. The comforts and facilities offered on board the Palace on Wheels are unparallel and difficult to be found on any other trains in the world. Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation collaborated with Indian Railways to give travellers a royal experience aboard “Palace on Wheels”. It was started in the year 1982. Presently this royal train is rated as one of the ten most luxurious trains of the world. The route of golden triangle (New Delhi – Jaipur – Agra) is covered by this train. The study has used secondary data to analyze the profitability and tourist arrivals in palace on wheels. The study reveals that profitability of palace on wheels has increased with increase in no. of tourists travelling on palace on wheels. The market share of Palace on Wheels is declining with increase in no. of similar trains. Towards end, the study forecasts number of tourists visiting Palace on Wheels in the year 2010.
Key words: Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation (RTDC), Palace on Wheels (POW), Financial Performance.

Title: Training and Development Practices in Budget Hotels: a comparative study
Author(s): Mohinder Chand and Ankush Ambardar

Abstract
This paper has two fold purposes: to investigate training and development practices in budget hotels (chain and individual) and to study the relationship between training & development practices and hotel characteristics. The survey was done in 170 budget-chain and budget-individual hotels in India and was found that budget-chain hotels followed comparable practices and at the same time it was visualised that other budget-individual hotel properties were not following the practices up to the mark. It was even found that many of such budget-individual hotels do not have a training department to meet such requirements. The empirical analysis provides evidence that budget-chain hotel on average use more sophisticated training and development practices than budget-individual hotels do. However, our results suggest that the difference between budget-chain and budget-individual hotels is smaller than might have been expected based upon the differences in the level of organisational characteristics between both organisations, at least with respect to the use of training and development practices. The results of the proposed study will help to assess the relationship between training & development practices in budget-chain and budget-individual hotels.
Keywords: – development, performance, satisfaction, training,

Title: Six Sigma and the IHMs
Author(s): J.K.Mangaraj

Abstract
Quite often educational institutes receive the feedback from the hotel Industry that the Institutes of hotel management do not produce quality manpower. This repeated complaint from the Industry really worries the academic institutes. The complaints are many and different. This has led to have an insight of other professional educational Institutes like the IITs and IIMs. Paper tried to find out whether the industry has the same view about the IITs & IIMs. The 1st IIT was established in the year 1951 and the 1st IIM was established in the year 1961. The 1st IHM was established in Mumbai in 1954. Out of these mentioned educational institutes , IITs and IIMs have established themselves at the International level as the centres of excellence since then. But the IHMs are yet to achieve the same recognition & excellence that the IITs and IIMs have achieved. The IITs & the IIMs have started with the graduate programmes and went on to add post graduate programmes and subsequently Ph D programmes. But IHMs had started with 03yrs diploma programme and could not even upgraded in to 4 yrs degree programme, the masters programme still struggling to find its identity in the hotel industry. While analyzing the complaints of the Industry about the quality products from IHM, the concept of Six Sigma came to mind. Present paper reached on the conclusion that if the concept of Six Sigma can be applied to few hotels then why not it should be applied to the IHMs so that the deficiencies if any in producing quality manpower can be minimized or eliminated.
Key Words: Six Sigma Model, IHMs, Quality Management.

Title: Local Handicrafts: A Potential Tool for Poverty Alleviation through Tourism
Author(s): Nisha Saha

Abstract
Tourists, hardly leave a tourist destination without buying a souvenir for their near and dear ones to take back at his or her home. This segment of Tourism product can become a power-packed tool for poverty alleviation in developing countries like the SAARC Nations. The geographical belt of South Asia is rich in heritage, ethnicity, culture and artifacts, but may be poor otherwise. Although the traditional handicrafts are a source of awe for the entire globe, but remains less explored a subject for many a tourist researchers and economist as a tool for poverty alleviation to be considered as a part of tourism industry. This research paper tries to identify these local handicrafts not only as a source of revenue generation but also a pathway of organizing the sector for pro-poor tourism. It tries to find out, whether artisans, and local road side retailers of handicrafts are presently earning enough benefits from tourists or else tourism industry, if no, than what are the problems, they are facing followed by modest suggestions as recommendations.
The methodology followed is quanti-qualitative in nature. Although the primary data research locale is the metropolitan and capital city of West Bengal, Kolkata, but can be implemented in any of such similar cities of South Asian countries. Primary data was collected in form of structured questionnaire (from tourists and local retailers of handicrafts) and in-depth interview was collected from bureaucrats and other administrative heads. The analysis involves simple statistical as well as qualitative tools.
Keyword: Pro-Poor Tourism, SAARC Nations, Heritage, Poverty Alleviation, Local handicrafts.

Title: Sustainable Tourism Development and Kaizen Initiatives for Infrastructure Development in Uttarakhand: A Critical Review
Author(s): Shantanu Kumar Sahu, and C.K. Singh

Abstract
Environment is defined as a life supporting mechanism spread around living organism. Living beings feed, thrive and grow on the resources. Environment as a resource constitutes an important part in economic development of a country. In the recent era, the biosphere hangs in a delicate balance between the technological advancement of human beings and environmental destruction. Thus, a compromising scientific approach for making a balance between human progress and least environmental degradation is almost acceptable to all the environmentalists in the globe. Environmental problems are now a globe issue and none is unaware of current human worry round the globe. Sustainable development has become a cliché over the past two decades which offered a challenge to find the unifying principle for human organization. This paper is an effort to understand the need for sustainable tourism development with the help of kaizen approach.
Keywords: Sustainable development, Environmental control measures, Kaizen Approach.

Title: Rural Tourism and Community Development: A case study of Andhra Pradesh
Author(s): P. Siva Sankara Reddy and P. Aparna

Abstract
Rural tourism aims to provide the discerning traveler with a multitude of distinctive, first –hand experiences in an interactive, informative and organic setting in Rural Andhra Pradesh. Community based rural tourism is envisaged to provide sustainable livelihoods and strengthen rural economy through the preservation and promotion of rural craft, culture, heritage and environment in their natural forms by offering an enhanced choice to visitors seeking a unique experience, thus increasing awareness and exposure to rural way of life across the state while improving the quality of life of the village communities, encouraging gender equity and community ownership through an equal partnership between hosts and tourists leading to overall holistic development through tourism. , Rural Andhra Pradesh is a fascinating canvas of myriad colours, cultures and customs. The people of Andhra Pradesh have patronized a host of arts and crafts which not only enriched the milieu but also kept the traditions alive through the ages. Andhra Pradesh Handicrafts represents perhaps the oldest tradition of living culture offering creative expression of all segments of the population. Andhra Pradesh is the treasure of fascinating Handicrafts, each unique in their style, concept, form and expression, that has made a name for themselves the world over. The evolution of design, colour and form embodied in our handicrafts is a story of experiment and evolution through centuries, perfected through the passage of time. The process of manufacturing Nirmal gold which never tarnishes, the magic blackening of bidriware, the selection of punki wood for the toys ,the polishing of lacquered articles with Kewara leaves, and the manufacture of carpets from sheep-hair are emboldening developments in each craft over long periods in its history.
Identifying Handicrafts as one of the major components of Rural Tourism, the paper aims to study and submit how rural tourism can be effectively promoted through handicrafts as a means and thereby fulfilling the desired objectives of promoting rural tourism in Andhra Pradesh.

Title: Mass Tourism Vs Niche Tourism- A Contemporary Approach to Tourism Development
Author(s): Ashok Aima, Jaya Bhasin and Aubid Hussain Parrey

Abstract
It is widely accepted that Tourism is gaining global importance especially with the beginning of 21st century and is in a very dynamic mode with regard to its changing trends. In compliance with this trend, Mass Tourism being on the agenda of World Tourism Industry has been facing stagnation with the beginning of 1990’s (Lickorish and Jenkins, 1997). The diminishing utility that Mass Tourism is facing had certain reasons one of which is the illegitimate conversion of mass market destinations into high-rise buildings with mal-functioning infrastructure, polluted air and water, destroyed natural resources, etc. Popular tourist destinations offering Mass Tourism products are facing not only environmental problems but also quality control problems in accommodation facilities, food and beverage services etc. due to the high tourist movements, congestion and overcrowding in peak seasonal period. One of the imperative factors which has lead to negative impact of mass tourism is the overuse of carrying capacity and has, therefore, emerged as a central principle. Broadly, it determines the maximum use of any destination or site without eroding its environment, resources, community, economy (both distributive and profit oriented), culture and the value system. In this counter point, the concept of ‘Niche Tourism’ as an alternative developmental control has emerged in recent years. It implies a more sophisticated set of practices and beliefs that distinguish and differentiate among special interests of tourists. For destination managers and planners seeking to utilize tourism as a mechanism for economic development, the Niche Tourism approach appears to offer greater opportunities and tourism that is more sustainable, less damaging and, importantly, more capable of delivering high-spending tourists. It represents diversity and ways of marking difference. The research reveals that tourists are rejecting standard mass package tours. More and more are seeking holidays that cater to their desire for learning, nostalgia, heritage, make-believe action and a closer look to other (Boissevain, 1996). Therefore, the present paper attempts to highlight the diminishing significance of Mass Tourism and proposes Niche Tourism as a more appropriate contemporary approach to tourism development.
Keywords: Mass Tourism, Niche Tourism, Carrying Capacity, Contemporary Approach.

Title: Tourism Development impacts and future strategies: A case study of Dal Lake
Author(s): Reyaz A. Qureshi

Abstract
The OECD report on the environmental impact of Tourism states: “A high quality environment is essential for tourism while the quality of environment is threatened by tourism development itself, which is promoted…… because of its economic importance”. In other words, tourism tends to destroy tourism. The movement of large number of tourists and the provisioning of the necessary facilities to transport, accommodate, catering and entertain them would have an impact on the sensitive natural environment as well as the delicate social fabric of the host community. Extensive uses of natural resources has tended to result in pollution and done extensive damage to the ecosystem in many tourist regions and the present situation of Dal lake is a testimony.
Dal Lake is one of the prime tourist attractions and an important component of Kashmir’s tourism industry. As a consequence majority of the establishments that cater to tourists are located in and around the lake. Spontaneous and unplanned tourism infrastructural developments as well as increasing tourism activities, in and around the lake have taken a toll on the lake’s recreational and scenic values. The degradation of the lake ecology and environment and the degradation of the assimilative capacity of the lake are the major tourism led, development induced activities that are impacting the environmental carrying capacity.
The purpose of this paper is to present the nature of problem related to tourism and environment in Dal lake and concern related to sustainable tourism. Suggestions and countermeasures have been putforward in this paper so as to achieve sustainable tourism development of Dal Lake.
Keywords: Conservation, Sustainable Development, Dal Lake, Environmental impact, Nature.

Title: Sustainability Issues in Tourism Development in India
Author(s): O.P. Verma, Kulbhushan Chandel and Sonia Chauhan

Abstract
Sustainability is one of the major challenges facing international tourism. Sustainable competitiveness in tourism calls for appropriate management approaches in order to prevent the exploitation of non-renewable resources. A major goal of sustainable tourism is to find a balance between resource use and consumer preferences. A tourism nation won’t achieve international competitive advantages through strict prohibitions of resource use but rather through conservation-conscious consumption. The present study includes an analysis of the Sustainability issues in tourism development in India. Sustainability is composed of three parts which are interrelated or interdependent of each other: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and Cultural sustainability. The purpose is to identify the opportunities & threats which India is facing today and study their impact. India’s imperatives include building critical infrastructure and addressing security threats. Thus, there is a need to manage tourism activity in a way to ensure long term returns for the destination in a spirit which allows for the multiple re-use of scarce resources by future generations.
Keywords: Sustainability, issues, development, tourism, Ecotourism etc.

Title: Vicissitudes and Dynamics of Adventure: A Case Study Of Uttarakahnd
Author(s): S.P. Bansal, Amit Gangotia

Abstract
Concept of adventure tourism in South Asia is at very nascent stage at this point in time, but, as per the estimates adventure has emerged as one of the most promising & swiftly moving segments of tourism industry in Asia, though it needs to be acknowledged at this point that adventure tourism has lot of scope in this part of the Asia .South East Asian countries are having exceptional potential of adventure tourism (Soft as well as Hard ) and in particular the countries like India, Nepal have been blessed by the nature of beauty with mind-boggling natural assets ,which makes this part of the world really fascinating for the tourist interested in adrenaline –rush, with mighty Himalayas in the North and deserts in west ,with the magnificent coastline of about 7,600 km ,India becomes a undisputed favorites for adventure activities .Adventure tourism has been identified as one of the fastest growing tourism segments, with an ever-expanding variety of activities appealing to a growing audience. Most adventure travelers take an adventure holiday for a number of reasons but the conducive climatic conditions make adventure hot favorites for the enthusiasts. India has huge diversification with many destinations like Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, J&K, Goa, Lakhsdweep etc. which are full of natural paraphernalia available for development of the adventure tourism but ironically India is not even in the list of top 50 developing nations for the adventure tourism as per the indexing carried out by ADTI for the year 2008,In which India is ranked 99 in ATDI ranking just ahead of Mozambique which is at 100th rank.
This paper is an attempt to find out the change & challenges for the sustainable development of adventure tourism in the state of Uttarakhand as a case study. The dynamics of change & challenges for the sustainable development of adventure tourism in India can be understood to some extent with the help of case study of Uttarakhand, at the same time, there is a lack of empirical research for adventure travel due to the dynamic & developing nature of the market. This research paper will try to bring out the important factors which are responsible for the development of adventure tourism.
Keywords: Challenges, development, Index, Integrated, sustainable, etc.

Title: Public Private Partnership- A Developmental Approach in Tourism Industry of Jammu & Kashmir State
Author(s): Ashok Aima, Jaya Bhasin and Aabid Muzzamil Lone

Abstract
A high standard of service quality across diverse sectors is increasingly assuming importance. Tourism which is regarded as a no-smoke industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The state of Jammu and Kashmir has in its lap some of the world’s most beautiful tourist destinations. However the true potential of this sector remains unexplored till date. This is on account of several reasons like lack of proper infrastructure, lack of communication, lack of skilled human resource, lack of investment initiatives to name a few. A dynamic strategic approach is required to fully exploit the goldmine of tourism in the state. This calls for the collaboration of private organisations and public sector in the process of service delivery.
Public Private Partnership has emerged as one of the best means of public management where in it has been applied mostly in the provision of social services like education, health care and waste management. However the concept can be extended to other service sectors as well. In particular, the concept can be applied as a blend of the four approaches (policy, infrastructure, developmental, urban regeneration) as identified by some researchers. The integration of the public and private sectors would lead to pooling of competencies of both the sectors and ultimately lead to enhanced service delivery. Higher management standards, professionalism, marketing strategies, better infrastructure, speedy service delivery, hassle free booking, customised service packages, innovation regarding the introduction of novel tourist products are some of the attributes that would give the state tourism industry a competitive advantage over its rival destinations (like Kerala, Rajasthan at national level & Switzerland, Singapore, Hongkong at the international level) and at the same time help it to remain competitive in the highly contracted global village.
The present paper explores the various areas of service delivery at which the public and private partners can wedlock and develop into a sound Public Private Partnership. This is imperative for the state government to adopt sooner or later given its resource crunch and huge unemployment in the state. The temptation also comes from the various benefits that the private sector can bring along like operational efficiencies, innovative technologies, managerial effectiveness, access to additional finances and risk sharing.
Key Words- Public Private Partnership, Service delivery, Quality of services, Public Management.

Title: Tourism Legislation and its Status in India
Author(s): Sanjay Kulshreshtha, Yogita Sharma and Virender Negi

Abstract
Very few countries in the world have what can be termed as tourism legislation. In most of the countries there are various laws that have a bearing on tourism operations and activities. The various types of tourism related laws, enacted in different countries, relate to protection of tourists, border controls, quality of services, protection of environment, conservation of historical sites and monuments, tourism industry regulations and the relationship between the various segments of the travel and tourism industry. These laws are derived from different sources. Generally, the demand for tourism legislation was voiced from the point of view of tourism industry or for protecting the interests of international tourists as regards their safety or establishing standards of services. However, voices have also been raised demanding legislation for sustainable tourism development, protecting the interests of the host population and economic benefits for the local population.
Key Words: Tourism legislation, Need for tourism laws, scope of tourism laws, India

Title: Public Private Partnership – A Sustainable Touristic Development Strategy
Author(s): S.S. Narta and Mamta Arora

Abstract
Tourism is on the one hand strongly influenced by governmental regulation i.e. public sector and on the other hand driven by private sector. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are specific types of co-operation between public institutions and private enterprises which are formed due to some synergetic advantages and which usually share both risks and profits. Usually, the foundation is a contractual agreement between the public sector and profit oriented organizations. The present paper includes an analysis of the role of the public-private partnership in the sustainable development of tourism industry in the context of India. There is need to enhance the Tourism potential of India by Integrated Development of Tourism Infrastructure by taping tourism potential along key tourism circuits and leverage the sectoral & product development through Public Private Partnership to achieve sustainable and economic development. Provision of Good quality infrastructure is a crucial prerequisite of strategy for sustainable touristic development. The purpose is to derive & evaluate principles and management imperatives for the formation of public-private partnerships in tourism Infrastructure. The paper concludes with recommendations for PPP practices in tourism and highlight implications for future research in the field of tourism – development, financing and cooperation.
Keywords: Sustainable development, public private partnership, tourism, infrastructure, Sustainable tourism etc.

Title: Tourism of Taste: Food as an attraction in destination marketing, a case study on West Bengal.
Author(s): Soumendra Nath Biswas

Abstract
This article begins with the importance of food in our life, then defining food tourism as any tourism experience in which one learns about, appreciates, or consumes branded local culinary resources. The local ingredients and culinary resources are the central idea of this article. Key issue of this paper is to find out whether the local food can be an attraction while marketing a destination. This article discuss in details about the traditional Bengali Cuisine. Guest’s Satisfaction and its benefit while marketing Bengali Cuisine is also described. The article concludes with findings, and scope for further research.
Key words: Food Tourism, Cuisine, Destination, Guest’s Satisfaction, Marketing

Title: Study the Development of Patalkot as a Cultural Destination.
Author(s): Sapra Nandita, Patil J and Makhija G.

Abstract
Culture tourism has special significance in promotion of national integration and international understanding. Thousands of archaeological and historical monument scattered throughout the country provide limitless opportunities to learn about the ancient history and culture. The tourism authorities at the central and state levels have played an important role in the development of the industry, with promotional campaigns such as “Incredible India,” which promoted India’s culture and tourist attractions in a fresh and memorable way. The study has taken a case of Patalkot, which has a very distinct cultural and heritage. The location in itself is unique, situated in the shape of a horse-shoe valley, walking down the steps is an experience in itself for the tourists. Patalkot is attracting many tourists because of its beautiful geographic location, natural scenic beauty, culture of local people and the immense herbal and medicinal wealth. It was found that very few people were aware of this place and even the bordering cities were totally oblivious of such a beautiful place. The visitors who came here stayed only for a few hours and left because of lack of proper accommodation facilities. The people who were aware also shied away from going to this place due to lack of proper roads and hence connectivity. There is undoubtedly a vast potential for tourism in Patalkot and the people are ready to visit if there is safe accommodation facilities, proper infrastructure, food and beverage arrangements and cost effective tour packages covering nearby places. From the economical point of view, Patalkot is rich in herbal and forest wealth but due to the lack of initiative from the Government, also non-availability of proper market, tribals have to move away for earning. This makes the valley omitted from its culture and customs. Presently, it is the need of the hour to provide basic facilities to these tribes but in a properly managed way. Study reaches on the conclusion that Palaayan should be stopped completely so that the culture and rituals of tribes of this region remain live. The culture of these people should not be killed; the system of curing disorders should not be exploited. Government should take initiative by giving employment opportunities to the tribal folks. Funding facilities should be given to them for cultivation in their field, use of wasteland and water management. Government should establish an agency for collecting forest produces brought by tribals so that they can avail the actual rate. Government should develop, with the participation of the people concerned, take coordinated and systematic action to protect the rights of these people and to guarantee respect for their integrity. Recognition and, wherever practicable, assistance should be given to these tribals in respect of their cultural identity, religious practices, linguistic abilities, origin, traditional knowledge or other characteristics.
Key Words: Cultural Tourism, Patalkot, Tribal Community.

Title: History as Destination: A Case Study of Haldighati
Author(s): Usha Agrawal

Abstract
The intention of this paper is to explore the sensitivity of circumstances surrounding the interpretation and presentation of heritage to tourists.
The places which remind our Indian history are now-a-days popping out as the favorite destinations of all tourists. But unfortunately these places are not managed properly. My paper focuses on the Cultural Heritage Management of these places.
CHM is a systematic care taken to maintain the cultural values of cultural heritage assets not only for enjoyment but also as pride of present and future generations. Here is a case study of Haldighati which was first known because of Maharana Pratap but now also for Museum which is an example of heritage management. A museum is “a non- profit making, permanent institution, in the service of society and its development and open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits for the purpose of study ,education & enjoyment, material evidence of man & his environment.”
Haldighati Museum has also tried to do the same. Museum has an art gallery with light and sound shows depicting the whole life of Maharana Pratap. It also has slide shows on Mewar Royal family, personality of Maharana Pratap & events in the life of Pannadhyay. It also displays many ancient arms used that time and the statues made are so artistic that they tend to be real. During this paper & research work I focused on the question that: Is Haldighati famous only for its glorious history or also because of good heritage management? From the records of last 9 years of tourists statistics a drastic change was seen that Firstly it was just for its history and people come here due to the feeling of patriotism but now it is more famous and attracting because of the Museum which is the result of good heritage management.
Key Words: History, Haldighati, Cultural Tourism,

Title: Sustainability through Community Involvement in Nature Based Tourism Destinations; A Case of KAZIRANGA NATIONAL PARK
Author(s): Chandan Goswami

Abstract
Kaziranga National Park (KNP) of Assam, India, is famous for its virginity and one-horned rhino and has been gaining popularity among domestic and foreign tourists. This paper looks into the sustainability aspect of this destination in the long run and formulating strategies for sustainability using community participation in tourism related activities. It studied the requirements of the tourists (the demand side) and identifying new tourism products involving local community to fulfil these requirements.
Keywords: Kaziranga National Park, Sustainable tourism, Community involvement, Community development.

Title: From Cataclysm to Opportunity: Post Conflict Reconstruction of Destinations towards Brand Building
Author(s): Deepak Raj Gupta, Parikshat Singh Manhas and Zubair Ahmad Dada

Abstract
The tectonic shifts that emerged towards the end of the Cold War have metamorphosed the international security agenda. The degeneration of the Soviet Union, the surfacing of nationalist independence movements across the post-communist horizon, and the pulling out of superpower support to prop up friendly regimes throughout the third world unleashed new forces that, among other things, resulted in a considerable augmentation in the number of intra-state wars during the 1990s. By September 11, 2001 at the very latest, it became noticeably comprehensible that intra-state conflicts – and their correlation with fragile and failing states – represent not only a major humanitarian apprehension but also a considerable threat to regional and global security. As a result, one of the fundamental challenges facing the international community at the moment involves the prevention and resolution of violent conflicts. A political or ethnic unrest can potentially produce a significant catastrophe since it is capable of impacting negatively the smooth operations of the tourism industry. This paper explores the implications of branding destinations in a post-conflict scenario and the opportunities thereof. Destination branding literature insists that every destination should incorporate crisis management strategies in its tourism planning protocols, management exercises and destination marketing campaigns. This paper proposes that destination branding should be coupled with crisis management strategies for leveraging an opportunity out of crisis, so that, tourism can be a critical catalyst in post conflict reconstruction and overcoming the negative imagery and distrust which still impedes the Sri- Lanka’s ability to achieve greater political integration and tourism prosperity in an increasingly globalized world.
Keywords: Post-Conflict Branding, Political Violence, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Crisis Communication

Title: Hosting the Postcolonial Tourist: An Authentic Experience Marketing Strategy for Custodians of Cultural Legacies
Author(s): Sanjay Nadkarni and Sandeep Kulshreshtha

Abstract
The authors present a conceptual framework for devising an experience marketing strategy to guide custodians of cultural legacies in promoting the consumption of tangible and intangible tourism products derived from the colonial and non-indigenous environment. An approach used to identify the psychographic profiles of both domestic and international tourists is discussed focusing on motivations, expectations, and behaviour in postcolonial societies and destinations with non-indigenous cultural legacies. The justification employed in planning and policy-making for conservation and heritage management is evaluated in the light of initiatives to preserve and showcase legacies which have dissonant and contentious associations with former colonial regimes. Examples of the custodianship of cultural legacies are examined and the varied perceptions which hosts and guests have towards the marketing of an authentic cultural tourism experience. These examples are taken from research conducted in East Asia (Hong Kong and Macao), South Asia (India), South East Asia (Singapore). The examples provide insights into the planning of strategies for other destinations, countries and regions with similar cultural legacies.
Key words: colonial legacies, tourist psychographic profiles, marketing

Title: Current Trends on Changing Consumer Behavior and Their Expectation in Hospitality
Author(s): Rahul Kanagat

Abstract
This paper describes some recent development of business application in the hospitality industry (e.g., travel industry, and recreational entities). The research objective is to investigate the current trend hospitality industry. A structured questionnaire was formed to collect the information. The study was conducted in a very organized way. Permission of the respondent was taken earlier. The data analysis procedures covered coding, tabulating and categorization the data. A coding plan was develop and code numbers were given to code the data. The collected data was analyzed using frequency distribution and percentage. It was been reported that almost fifty percent of the respondents’ found changed in the hospitality services.
Keywords: Consumer behavior, Hotels, Restaurants’, Service and Facilities, Environment.

Title: Marketing Challenges of Airlines: An Indian Perspective
Author(s): M.R.Dileep

Abstract
The Indian aviation industry has witnessed an impressive growth during the past several years. The market has been strongly supported by both public and private sectors. It is currently the 9th largest market in the world (Aviation IBEF, 2011). Since the early 1990s, India’s growing economy has witnessed a rise in demand for transport infrastructure and services. Till 1990s, Indian skies were dominated by Air India and Indian Airlines. But, within years, private sector started to dominate the sector as a number of private airlines got established themselves as efficient operators. By the beginning of 2000, further expansion of airline sector took place in India. The most significant change happened when Deccan Airways, the first ‘no frills’ airlines entered into the scene. This stimulated the growth in air travel enormously and correspondingly the competition among airlines also increased tremendously. Sooner alliances, mergers and similar strategies were adopted by airlines in India. Airline business is vulnerable to external environments and such many issues caused difficulties for airline businesses. Currently, airline businesses, while growing, face a range of issues of survival and corresponding challenges. Against this background, an attempt has been done to examine the challenges of airlines in India, especially in terms of marketing.
Key Words: Airline, Air Transportation, challenges, Marketing, Deregulation, Airline Industry

Title: Expectation and Satisfaction Level of Tourists Visiting Heritage Sites and its Efficacy to Attract Tourist
Author(s): Parikshat Singh Manhas, Ramjit and Jeet Dogra

Abstract
The study attempts to investigate the relationship between cultural/heritage destination attributes and tourist satisfaction in terms of selected tourists’ demographic characteristics and travel behavior characteristics. The expectancy-disconfirmation theory provided a conceptual framework for this study. The expectancy-disconfirmation theory holds that consumers first form expectations of products or service performance prior to purchasing or use. Subsequently, purchasing and use convey to the consumer beliefs about the actual or perceived performance of the product(s) or service(s). The consumer then compares the perceived performance to prior expectations. Consumer satisfaction is seen as the outcome of this comparison (Clemons & Woodruff, 1992).
The study area for this study was cultural / heritage sites of Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir, India). The data of this study were collected from the on-site survey method. The sample population for this study was composed of tourists who visited Jammu City between June and September in 2010. The survey was conducted at eight different cultural / heritage sites in the Jammu city. Out of 150 questionnaires, 126 were usable. Therefore, the data from 126 respondents were analyzed in this study. Appropriate statistical analyses such as frequencies, descriptive, factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regressions were used according to respective objectives and descriptors. The factor analysis was conducted to create correlated variable composites from the original 25 attributes. Using factor analysis, 25 destination attributes resulted to four dimensions: General Tour Attraction, Heritage Attraction, Maintenance Factors and Culture Attraction. These four factors then were related with overall satisfaction. Based upon the results of this study, several recommendations can be made to increase tourists’ satisfaction with the cultural / heritage sites of Jammu.
Keywords: Expectation; Satisfaction; Cultural / heritage sites; Efficacy.

Title: Marketing Impacts of Travel Marts in South India
Author(s): Joby Thomas

Abstract
“Marketing impact of travel marts in South India” is aimed at finding how effective are travel marts as a marketing communications tool for tour operators and travel agencies . The sample is chosen to be from Bangalore, Chennai and Cochin in South India. The study investigates the role of travel marts in the tourism business marketing communications mix, the expectations and benefits of participation and to evaluate the complementary effect of travel marts on personal selling. The study reveals the preferred promotional tools, their intentions in attending travel marts and their perceptions of travel marts as a marketing communications tool.
Key Words: Travel Mart, Marketing Communication, Tour Operators, Business Tourism

Title: Innovative Cultural Tourism Business Replica and Its Relevance in Tamil Nadu
Author(s): T.Milton

Abstract
Tourism is a leading global industry. Cultural Tourism in Tamil Nadu has grown by leaps and bounds with a great influx of tourists from throughout the world. Tamil Nadu has the right tourism potential and attractions to captivate the cultural tourists. Matured practices, noble thoughts and deeds which are beneficial to society are called culture. Tamil Culture is tradition bound. The customs and the rituals revolve around the religion. Festivals of Tamil Nadu are mostly associated with religion and temples. Music and dance are the important entertainments of Tamil Nadu. The Tamil nadu tourism development corporation has taken special initiatives to attract more cultural tourists. This paper analyses how this innovative cultural tourism business replica can be applied in Tamil Nadu to develop the cultural heritage potential. Cutting edge research with clearly defined objectives by academicians and tourism experts should be bestowed to the tourism industry by addressing innovative cultural business replicas is the need of the hour. This paper also attempts how cultural tourism can bring sustainable and profitable development to Tamil nadu.
Keywords: Business, Culture, Innovative, Tamil Nadu, Tourism,

Title: Tourism & Retail
Author(s): Milind Fadnavis and Mansi Fadnavis

Abstract
If one is to believe that a tourist spends about 25%-30% of his total budget on shopping and entertainment, then understanding the relation between tourism and retail becomes crucial. Tourist, either local or international, normally keeps the shopping agenda for the last leg of the tour. Exceptions of course are the heavy plastic money user tourists. International tourists from European or US origin visiting SAARC countries have the benefit of MULTIPLIER effect because of the currency conversion factor. Contrary to this, tourists from SAARC countries visiting Europe or US face the shrinkage effect due to hard currencies there. In both cases, different trajectories of purchases emerge. International tourists coming to SAARC nations buy more goods, which are ethnic in nature, are hand made, may prefer unorganized retail outlets and negotiate hard. On the contrary, the SAARC nation tourists going ABROAD prefer organized outlets such as malls, super or hypermarkets and normally have electronic goods not available easily locally on their shopping list. Important factors, which influence the purchase decisions, are – price in market back home, duration of the tour, availability of the product and presence of service center back home. Other factors that affect the decision are carrots offered by the retailer, weight restrictions in international air travel, mandatory shopping list, and mode of financing the tour, possession of international cards, and coincidence of the tour with the special promotion such as Dubai Shopping Festival and so on.
Authors have developed 2 x 2 matrixes and have tried to decipher the purchase patterns of local and international tourists. The paper deals at length the purchase behavior of the tourists in hard and soft currency destinations and their preferences to organized vis-à-vis unorganized outlets.
Key Words: Shopping, conversion, ethnic, plastic money

Title: A study on Brand Perception and Customer Relationship Management of Clientele of Tourism Industry in Bangalore
Author(s): Tomy K. Kallarakal, Jain Mathew and Sneha Naidu

Abstract
India’s tourism industry is experiencing a strong period of growth, driven by the burgeoning Indian middle class, growth in high spending foreign tourists, and coordinated government campaigns to promote ‘Incredible India’. India’s governmental bodies have also made a significant impact in tourism by requiring that each and every state of India have a corporation to administer support issues related to tourism. Tourism is a diversified and decentralized industry. The commercial imperatives drive tourism change according to the location, as do the environmental, social and cultural impacts of tourism on particular communities. As almost 20 million people are now working in India’s tourism industry. No study on tourism can be regarded as complete without a thorough research on Customer Relationship Management, as any day customer is the king. Hence, it becomes all the more essential to find out the relationship between Brand perception and CRM in the tourism industry. The study will be relevant for the tourism industry which can improve CRM initiatives to increase brand perception of customers not only in Bangalore but also in India in general. People today are brand conscious when it comes to products and services of the tourism and hospitality industry. When it came to CRM, some of the first things that came to the minds of the customers about the firms were the way they are treated by the staff, whether it provides value for money or whether it is know for its hassle free dealings with customers. The results of the study shows there is significant relation between Brand perception and CRM in the tourism industry.
Key words: Tourism Industry, Customer Relationship Management, Brand Perception.

Title: Sustainable Tourism Development in India: Making Talent Sustenance Relevant
Author(s): Sheeba Hamid

Abstract
Sustainable tourism is economically, socio-culturally and environmentally sustainable. It is an activity that can be maintained over the long-term. This is achieved by balancing the needs of tourists with those of the destination. Increasing evidence shows that an integrated approach to tourism planning and management is now required to achieve sustainable tourism. This study aims to highlight that talent sustenance cannot be overlooked in an integrated approach to tourism planning. Successful organizations realize that employee retention is integral to sustained growth and leadership in the marketplace.
Sustainable tourism aims to conserve the resources of destinations. Certainly, the indispensability of the most important resource i.e. human resource is unquestionable. Sustainable tourism strives for quality, not quantity. Communities measure tourism success not by number of visitors but by length of stay, money spent and the quality of experience. Since hiring and attrition is a continuous process in the market scenario, it can have a devastating effect on the organizations because loss of talent can have serious impact on customer service and severely impair sustainable tourism development of a particular area.
This study primarily deals with the relevance of strong and sustainable workforce in developing sustainable tourism in India. The efforts of consistent and appropriate employees can bring forward abundant opportunities for building the foundation of sustainable tourism in India. Creating a foundation of sustained retention of employees can take years and therefore tourism companies have to ensure focused and calculated methods so that their talent and profits do not drain away.
The study is directed to establish the strategic role of talent sustenance towards sustainable tourism development in India. In the wake of the fact that tourism companies are still struggling to institutionalize effective talent retention practices and programmes, those companies that implement streamlined retention are poised for colossal contribution towards achieving sustainable tourism development in India.
Key Words: Sustainable Tourism, Integrated Approach, Tourism Planning

Title: A Study on the Impact of Tourism on Indian Economy
Author(s): C.K.Singh and Pooja Prakash

Abstract
Tourism has become a leisure activity globally. It has emerged as a trade in recent past. This new industry is mounting as the principal industry of the world. And now the technical boom helps tourism to be in the main driving seat of any countries economy. According to the survey of World Tourism Organization tourist movement throughout the world can touch the 1600 million mark within 2020. And that’s why the specialists of this industry think that “it is a new economic phenomenon, a new business, a new industry of vast dimension and magnitude.” The biggest feature of this industry is that it can generate maximum employment opportunity. And it’s simply because of the number of subsidiary industries. Some economists credit this fiscal feature of success of Indian financial system to the income generated by the tourism segment, movements across the cross-section of rising business opportunities, agricultural and educational sectors opening up as well as novel and attractive packaging of brand-building for India that have in turn, benefited the travel industry as well. Jobs generated by Travel & Tourism are spread across the economy – in retail, construction, manufacturing and telecommunications, as well as directly in Travel & Tourism companies. Tourism is one of the driving force which helps regional development and economic development. Hence this paper is a small effort made to enquire upon the impact and relevance of tourism on the Indian economy.
Keywords: Indian Economy, Travel & tourism, GDP, Balance of Payments

Title: Community Well Being & Rural Tourism
Author(s): Naveen Gupta, Anju Jain, Riju Agarwal Singh, and Abhilasha Singh

Abstract
“Just as the whole universe is contained in the self, so is India contained in the villages.”- Mahatma Gandhi
Real India is Rural India. No adulteration, no cut thought practice, no mad rat race, no pollution, but caring, and delightful atmosphere; no bitter feeling, but fertile land, clean water, clean air and quality food. The attractions of the village- thatched huts, evergreen mustard/paddy fields, grazing cows and the aroma of local cuisines. All these things reflect the beauty, joy, satisfaction of human race and oneness with nature. It advises us to get back to nature, without disturbing the equilibrium of nature. Their charm compels us to take a vacation and relax some days away from the cacophony of urban life. Besides, ‘Rural’ is an entity fast disappearing especially in the developed world. Even for young urban Indians, rural would be something that they would want to connect to. Both Indians and foreigners can be wooed. A travel into these areas enthralls the life with fun and entertainment and will help in improving lives of rural people in a number of ways. Rural tourism is in its nascent stage in India,” Aithal notes. “But it will grow. There is a huge market out there.
To harness this potential of villages we have identified the Pingri village to be developed for tourist. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis has been used for analysing both the internal and external environment in order to attain a systematic approach for its development. In this study, we have come up with a strategic plan to develop the village as a tourist attraction, which would be a reason/ source of villagers’ happiness and well being.
Keywords: Tourist Attraction; Environment Conservation; Community Involvement, Sustainable Operation and Visitor Satisfaction.

Title: Cloud Computing: Opportunities and Challenges For Tourism Enterprises
Author(s): Sareeta Pradhan

Abstract
This paper aims at contributing to the understanding of opportunities and challenges of cloud computing and also delves into the business and technical aspects of cloud computing highlighting how tourism enterprises in South Asia can use it to their advantage. Technological advancements have altered the very fabric of how Information Technology delivers services and how an enterprise purchases and uses those services and success of any business increasingly tends to hinge on the proper adoption and utilization of hundreds of licensed software tools that are critical for building and running the databases and applications that power their business. Managing these tools and their associated licenses, including deploying, provisioning, and updating them, is time-consuming and incurs many hidden costs. This technology is being rapidly utilized by enterprises and industries .However, adoption of cloud computing platforms and services by the tourism enterprises is in its infancy as the performance and monetary cost-benefits for scientific applications are not very clear. Cloud computing, with the revolutionary promise of computing as a utility, has the potential to deliver and manage the IT services efficiently and effectively. This paper studies certain aspects of the application of cloud computing to tourism industry. The study uses Importance and Performance (IP) analysis to assess the effectiveness of cloud computing strategies.
The objective of this research paper was to analyze the scope of cloud computing for the tourism enterprises in South-Asia . Cloud computing has to evolve significantly to deliver reliable, seamless service across private, hosted and public environments. Regardless of all advantages, the disadvantages are many and if the technology matures with time, it has a lot to deliver to tourism enterprises in the long run. There is the realization that cloud computing can help cut costs and drive innovation at the same time.
Key words: cloud computing, Tourism, Importance and Performance (IP) analysis

Title: Tourism and sustainable regional development in South Asia: A discourse with a focus on Bangladesh

Author(s): Sheikh Md. Monzurul Huq

Abstract
Sustainable regional development means alleviation of regional disparities with the integration of ecological concerns. Studies in the past in the developed countries opined that tourism can aid to reduce regional disparities and promote regional development. It has also been observed that tourist visits assist in boosting trade among regions. Analyses further show that tourism brings important benefits to the regions in terms of enhancement of GDP and employment creation. Unfortunately regional level initiatives in tourism development in the poor countries are largely a neglected aspect. Little attention has been given in managing existing socio-economic and other inequalities among regions with the help of tourism development. With a review of the existing literature this study investigates the potential of thriving and sustainable role of the tourism sector for regional development. This paper draws examples from regional disparities in Bangladesh and examines the problems of tourism development in South Asian Region. The analysis compares regions from the perspective of the potential of tourism industry. It is observed that there exists a concentration of tourism activities in certain regions and these concentrations are linked to complex regional variations in tourism attractions, tourism services and infrastructures at the regional levels. With the adoption of appropriate strategies, these issues may be effectively addressed. It is further opined that appropriate regional strategy should be adopted to relieve pressure on fragile areas. Environmental considerations should get more priorities in this respect, and a range of spatial strategies may be implemented for sustainable tourism development in the region. This study suggests that there is a need for South Asian regional cooperation for overcoming problems related tourism development in the region.
Key Words: Sustainable regional development, Bangladesh, Tourism Development

Title: Eco Tourism Sustaining For Better Future
Author(s): Saurabh Dixit and C. S. Barua

Abstract
It is a significant question to understand- what is eco-tourism? Travel agents, tourists find it more fascinated and less authenticated. Eco-tourism must be well understood before implementing practically. These days ecotourism is being considered as a buzz word and it has glazed the eyes of all the stakeholders in tourism. Paper has taken up a study of ecotourism practices and tried to explore the opportunities for successful ecotourism practices. Study reaches on the conclusion that in ecotourism the key element is the local people. All the practices of tourism, which are aimed at the development of local people and well being of natural area, can be considered as the ecotourism. Paper finally postulates that ecotourism means opting for sustainable practices, which finally aimed at a better future.
Key Words: Ecotourism, Sustainable Tourism development, Poverty Alleviation.

Title: Tourism in SAARC region
Author(s): Saurabh Dixit and Luv Kush Mishra

Abstract
Tourism evolved out as a tool for economic development. After Second World War and liberalization countries are seeking ways out to devise new ways to develop economy by synergizing travel and luring up people to visit their place. It creates phenomenal change in image, social changes, uplifting mutual interaction, tangible developments, infrastructural changes and long term benefits to that region. That is why, many places jointly promoted tourism. South Asia is not a new region to explore. But, it has unique products and economy of countries in South Asia is progressive and population is highly dense. Hence, tourism is favourable sector to use for upliftment of the society. With the help of secondary data, the present paper explores the status of tourism in SAARC countries.
Key Words: Tourism and Economic Development, South Asia, SAARC

Title: Socio-Economic Impacts of Tourism in Orissa: A Case Study On
Puri, Konark and Bhubaneswar.
Author(s): Dillip Kumar Das

Abstract
The golden triangle comprising Puri -Konark-Bhubaneswar is not only the USP of Orissa tourism but has huge tourism potentials to attract large number of tourists. Situated in the eastern sea coast of India, Orissa is a potential State in India with multiple options and plethora of attractions. The state is endowed with beautiful beaches, art & craft, temples and monuments, lakes, forest and wildlife, etc. The Sun Temple at Konark is the only World Heritage Monument and the temple of Lord Jagannath attracts millions of devotees from round the globe for being one of the holiest of holy dhams in India. Bhubaneswar being the capital city is famous for its varied tourism resources including the famous Lingaraj temple, The Rajarani Temple, which is popularly known as the gem of Kalingan architecture, the famous Khandagiri and Udaygiri Jain caves, famous Dhauligiri, where Kalingan war takes place and many more destinations of repute. Although the tourism potential of the state is vast and varied but still the tourist arrival is not encouraging with the kind of product Orissa possesses.
Key words: Golden Triangle, Impact, Kalingan architecture, USP, Dhams

Title: Uttarakhand Tourism : A Swot Analysis and Sustainable Model
Author(s): Bipin Chadra Pant

Abstract
Uttarakhand is a land which is bestowed with natural grandeur at its best – picturesque locations, snow capped mountains, lush green valleys, a cool climate and hospitable people. It is indeed the very lap of nature. It is therefore a fact that Uttarakhand has immense tourism potential; a potential that it must leverage and sustain. Tourism has its benefits which Uttarakhand must cash on without getting affected by its shortcomings. To leverage on this tourism potential, it is necessary for Uttarakhand not only to sell itself but also analyse the needs, the perceptions, the preferences, the satisfaction of the customers that it can provide. Hence the study aims to analyse these very tourist responses with the help of a questionnaire.
The study revealed that although Uttarakhand has unique natural offerings it is not able to cash upon them due to lack of various facilities. Most of tourists’ expectations were met with but they depended on the presence of good necessities like amenities, food , water and proper infrastructural facilities like accommodation, transport, accessibility, etc which were found lacking in certain cases. A majority of the respondents believed that they would come again based on the fact that the natural beauty of Uttarakhand draws them towards it but provided it
develops the necessary facilities which may be lacking currently. The tourists believed that Uttarakhand does have the potential of becoming one of the world’s top tourist destinations, if
it can overcome its deficiencies and market itself well so as to position itself uniquely in the minds of tourists. It was therefore suggested that Uttarakhand must develop its infrastructural facilities and promote its offerings in a sustainable manner. It must explore newer avenues in relation with nature and open up its unexplored areas.
Key words:Tourism,Uttarakhand,Components,Potential,SWOT analysis.

Title: Heritage Tourism in Rajasthan: Study of Leadership Styles
Author(s): Ashok Aima, Jaya Bhasin, and Rachna Gupta

Abstract
Rajasthan derives its name from “ Rajah” “Sthana”, which literally means home of kings. The history of Rajasthan, once called Rajputana, narrates the legendary tales of valour and romance. The marvelous architecture and captivating landscape makes it an unbeatable destination on India’s tourist map. The State represents a distinct variety in all its forms – customs, culture, music, costumes, dialects, people and cuisine. The ‘Land of Kings’ ¬ Rajasthan is renowned world over for its heritage hotels. The state houses maximum number of Heritage properties in the country. Many of these buildings were converted into heritage hotels, as much to maintain them as also a new means of livelihood. Despite the conversion however, most of these places have been able to retain the original flavor of medieval homes intact. Even the families, whose ancestors once served within these royal portals, have continued to find employment. This could be possible only because of the leadership styles followed by the royal ancestors
Leadership as researched can be categorized into two aspects: “translation” and “transformation.” Translation is a leader’s ability to communicate or frame the sustainability message so others understand it from their mindsets or points of view while at the same time enhancing the leader’s own capabilities to take effective action. Transformation is about the potential of leaders to develop their perspectives and capacities. It presents and discusses the inner characteristics that contribute to agility, or the ability to adapt again and again to constantly changing conditions.
This paper studies the leadership styles followed by the royal families to manage these properties. The study focuses on the HRH Group of Hotels in Udaipur. The Chairman and Managing director of this property continues to transform the past into the future to this day. In addition to providing leadership for the management of hotels the managing director has been instrumental in creating a brand that represents heritage hotels.
Key Words: Rajasthan, Hetitage Tourism, Leadership Styles

Title: “Eastern Vindhayas : A Home of Rock Shelters as Tourist Destinations”
(An area of Natural & Cultural Tourism)
Author(s): Mahesh Vikram Singh and Neeta Chaubey

Abstract
Eastern Vindhyas display a big chunk of Natural and Cultural heritage of India. It houses time old rock shelters and caves containing rock paintings depicting the human life ever from the pre-historic age of hunters, food, fruits and honey gatherers to the period of established civilization until at least up to early medieval and medieval period. Besides, these spots of heritage fall in a natural landscape of hills and mountainous terrains, forest and greenery, water streams and waterfalls along with the inhabiting flora and fauna. Particular reference may be made to the Kaua khoh, Lakhania, Panchamukhi rock shelters and Lakhma caves and also to Fossil Park at Salkhan in Sonbhadra district and other sites in Sonbhadra and Mirzapur districts.
Being easily accessible from both Varanasi and Allahabad, which are already a great tourist destination of Uttar Pradesh, yet it fail to draw sufficient attention of inbound tourists to India for a number of factors. Firstly it is the lack of awareness and marketing of these sites for want of highlighting its heritage and natural value. Secondly it is the lack of smooth transport facilities which fails to incite and encourage the interested tourists to reach such places. Thirdly it is the lack of security and other safe guards for the visitors to such places which, of course, are isolated and unprotected interiors of the region. Then fourthly it is the lack of minimal support system for the travelers daring to appreciate these sites.
It is not simply a case of projecting a new or less attended tourism product to fall within an ambit of popular tourist destinations. Rather it is something which should have been taken better care and promoted with a view to offer a real taste of knowing the progress of aboriginal India and it’s links and final integrations or merger into the mainstream cultures of India. This hardly requires any explanations for its worth for promotion and expansion of tourism Industry in the state of Uttar Pradesh and India at large.
Key Words: Rock shelters, Rock art/ paintings, Aboriginal / folk life, Antiquity, Heritage.

Title: E- marketing in hospitality industry: A Case study of Hotel industry of Agra
Author(s): Anil Kumar Gupta, Rajiv Kapil & Pramod Sharma

Abstract
Internet now has become an integral part of our life. No one can deny the importance of internet in the business. In fact internet has realized the concept of global village. The emerging trend of business both service and manufacturing is largely dependent up on the information technology specially internet. For example shoe manufacturers of Agra sitting in the city is selling their products in the European countries. The same thing is happening with the Taj Mahal and other world heritage sites those are being promoted by the travel agents, tour operators and government offices with the help of internet. Most of the governments have created their own websites for their destination promotion. Various service providers in the hospitality sector like hotels, airlines and travel agencies are selling their packages with the help of websites. Internet has helped a lot in their business growth.
There is not everything rosy in internet marketing it is thorny too. For example internet has caused tremendous growth in the hospitality sector on one hand and has caused some decline in the business of travel agencies and tour operators on the other hand. Because people have started to book their air and train tickets and hotel directly minimizing the role of travel agency as earlier people were largely dependent upon the travel agencies for such type of things.
The aim of this study is to find out the percentage of people who have directly booked the rooms in the hotels through internet .This study has also objective to find out the ways and means to promote Agra as destination using internet. This research work has limitation also as it is limited to hotels of Agra using primary and secondary data.
Key Words: global village, travel agency, internet, hospitality sector

Title: A Critical Analysis of Tourist Profile visiting World Heritage Sites in Agra (INDIA)
Author(s): Lavkush Mishra and Brajeshwer Dutt Shukla

Abstract
Agra is known for the Taj Mahal worldwide. The city is located at the distance of 200 kilometers from the national capital of India, New Delhi and is well connected by the rail and road. Lying on the bank of river Yamuna the city has number of monuments to cater the historical and heritage desire of the tourists not only from the country but abroad too.Agra is an integral part of the Braj Bhoomi, the birth place of lord Krishna and also had been capital of Mughals for more than 150 years that was established by the Babur. This has led a unique cultural amalgamation of different major religions of the world like Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism and Jainism.
The city has three World Heritage Sites – Taj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri. Though, Akbar’s tomb at Sikandara and Itmad-ud daula are in the waiting list of the UNESCO to be declared as World Heritage Sites. There are other many historical sites like Aram Bagh, Chouburji ( tomb of Babur),Chini ka Roja , Mariam’s tomb, Catholic British Church etc. Other attraction in the city may be Swami Bagh temple, Sur Kooti, Keetham Lake etc.
The Study has aim to find out the profile of tourist visiting Agra specially for the cultural reasons. This work has also objective to analyze their liking and disliking, backgrounds and motivating factors for visiting the world fame this city of Tal Mahal. This will be helpful for the industry people, research scholars and policy makers.
Key Words: Yamuna, Braj Bhoomi, Mughals, World Heritage Sites, Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Chouburji, UNESCO, Motivating factors.

Title: Nagpur : 2nd capital of Maharashtra to tiger capital of world- challenges.
Author(s): Prashant Virkhare

Abstract
According to the latest study, out of the total Population of Tigers in India, over 1/3rd tiger population is present in forests around the Orange City. Inspired by this citizens Nagpur, has kick-started a campaign to make Nagpur the “Tiger Capital” of the World.
The main objective of Project Tiger was to ensure a viable growth of tiger population of in India for scientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values and to preserve for all time, areas of biological importance as a natural heritage for the benefit, education and enjoyment of the people. Main objectives under the scheme include wildlife management, protection measures and site-specific eco-development to reduce the dependency of local communities on tiger reserve resources.
Tourism promotion and infrastructural development for tourism related activities is bound to have a series of socio-cultural, socio-economic, physical and environmental impacts on the habitat which would require a systematic evaluation and analysis, using scientific techniques, before development decisions are taken. Any programme for tourism development should thus have the underlying objective of promoting the positive impacts and mitigating the negative impacts on the social, economic and physical environments of the
Paper reaches on the conclusion that the tourism development plan should cover:
• Accessibility and linkages to various tourists centers as part of the city network,
• Internal circulation based on limited vehicular accessibility and predominantly pedestrian oriented,
• Zonation of land around each spot for locating required tourist infrastructure facilities, as well as
• Ensuring through suitable zoning regulations as far as possible that high intensity development does not come up in the vicinity.
Key Words: Nagpur, Project Tiger, Tourism Promotion, Tourism Development.

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